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Baker's Challenge: How to Bake at High Altitudes

2009-11-16-HighAltitudeBaking.jpgReach a certain elevation, and suddenly cakes turn out dry, cookies won't set, and quick breads won't rise. Home bakers who live in the mountains should start their own support group! We have a few tips for baking at high altitudes, but we'd love to hear your firsthand experiences. Any advice?

 
 

At higher altitudes, the boiling point of water will start to go down. This causes a whole slew of problems!

The water starts to evaporate before the structure is set, leaving baked goods dry. This also concentrates the sugars, which then further interferes with baked goods setting properly. Air bubbles and other leavening also expand more rapidly and then pop through the surface so your cakes and cookies end up flat and dense.

Compensating for these changes takes a little trial and error. Here are a few tips we've summarized from Shirley O. Corriher's book Bakewise:

Add Some Extra Liquid - Corriher suggests trying extra-large eggs instead of large eggs. We also think that adding some moisture in the way of yogurt or folding in some whipped cream would help. Overall, try increasing the liquid by 2-4 tablespoons per cup of liquid in the recipe.

Increase the Temperature - This will help the structure in the baked good to set more quickly, hopefully compensating for the rapid loss of liquid. Start by increasing the oven temperature by 25° and working from there.

Decrease the Sugar - Less sugar will also help the structure to set more easily and quickly. Try decreasing the sugar by two tablespoons for every cup of sugar in the original recipe and see how that works.

Decrease the Leavening - If your recipe uses baking powder, decrease it by 1/4 teaspoon. For baking soda, decrease it by just a pinch. (Yeast will be ok, though your bread dough may rise faster than expected.)

We also know of one really fantastic cookbook specifically written for high altitude baking: Pie in the Sky by Susan Purdy, available on Amazon.com for $21.

High altitude bakers, what other questions or advice do you have to share?

Related: Baking Lab: Why Did Our Cake Fall Flat?

(Image: Flickr member Photos8 licensed under Creative Commons)

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Tips & Techniques, Baking Products, Ingredients - Pantry, Food Science, baking, how to, baking tips, high altitude, high elevation

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Comments (7)

I live at 7200 feet.

You don't always have to decrease your leavening, only when it's more than 1tsp of leavening per cup of flour and only down to that ratio. I rarely make any leavener adjustments except to underbeat eggs when they're the leavener.

I've never had a moisture problem in my baked goods (and I live in already dry Arizona). As for increasing the oven temperature....I found that getting a oven thermometer and making sure the oven was at the correct temperature was the key to my baked goods. Bread is done at a lower internal temp b/c of the lower boiling point of water.

The only thing I have problems with is beans, they take forever to cook.

posted by explcurve on November 16th 2009 at 12:48pm
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I've got to give an enthusiastic second for Susan Purdy's "Pie in the Sky".

My husband has a temporary contract in rural mountainous Arizona (7000ft). I've been very glad to have the book. So far I've more been using it as a reference/guide on how to alter other recipes, but I've got plans to work my way through the yeast bread chapter recipe by recipe. Nearly all the recipes appeal to me.

posted by aujahlisa on November 16th 2009 at 1:36pm
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This is great! I stick to fruit breads and stuff that doesn't have yeast in it because I made a whole variety of breads that ended up resembling bricks. I will have to test some of these out, I am only at 5000 feet but it makes more of a difference than I would have ever thought.

Also, I have a lot of acquaintances who love their bread machines - do they automatically compensate or something? Or are my friends probably just adjusting their recipes and not mentioning it?

posted by Anne (in Reno) on November 16th 2009 at 1:39pm
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I'm at 5000 feet as well.

For cookies: I leave the recipe as is usually. I do occasionally reduce sugar, but for diet reasons not outcome.

Quick breads: Depending on the recipe, I'll reduce leavening and sugar. My biscuit recipe I leave alone, except that I have to add more liquid if I'm making them whole wheat.

Yeast breads: I reduce the yeast or let rise an extra time. It's my understanding/experience that yeast breads rise faster at higher elevations (less air pressure.) The problem is when they rise that fast they have not time for flavor to develop.

Cakes: Usually I'll use a high altitude recipe. When adjusting recipes, I reduce leavening by 1/4, sugar by 1/3 and add a bit more liquid. Baking cakes in a tube pan seems to help too.

I have Pie in the Sky and I like it for the most part. The biscuit recipe didn't work for me and her cake recipes make too much batter for the pan size she indicates, but the results (except for the biscuits) are wonderful.

posted by charise on November 16th 2009 at 3:02pm
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@explcurve: try soaking the beans in salt water overnight, draining, adding fresh water and cooking as normal. I moved from sea level to 7000 feet, it's the only way I've found to cut the time down. Just be careful about adding additional salt, as the beans will retain some saltiness.

I've never had problems with quick breads/cookies, but successful cupcakes from scratch elude me.

posted by cthom19 on November 16th 2009 at 11:52pm
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At what altitude do these modifications go into effect? What do you consider 'high altitude'?

cthom19-
I've always understood the general rule with cooking beans was not to add salt until the end of the cooking because it hardens the beans.

posted by CallieKoch on November 18th 2009 at 8:55pm
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I leave near Mexico City, at about 2,700 meters (about 8,800 feet). I use my recipes with no changes whatsoever and never had a problem.

Have a good oven and watch the temperature and time, that's all.

posted by velascomike on November 21st 2009 at 3:55pm
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